IMAT 2024 Worked Solution

Full explanation

The author of the novel "To the Lighthouseˮ is Virginia Woolf. Her other famous novels are Mrs. Dalloway, Orlando, The waves, and A Room of Oneʼs Own.

One of the Mary Shelley famous novels is "Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheusˮ

Emily Dickinson is primarily a poet. The famous collections of her poetry include: " The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson "

Jane Austen is the author of the famous novel " Pride and Prejudice"

Agatha Christieʼs distinct and famous novel is "The Murder of Roger Ackroydˮ

Full explanation

To answer this question, break down the paragraph into different parts.

The first sentence indicates that symbols for numbers existed in ancient times. (This rules out option C)

The second one suggests that the abstractness and generality were specific to the Greek era, not ancient time.

Then, it expresses that mathematics evolved slowly and deliberately. (This rules out option E)

After that, it suggests that earlier mathematics lacked generality and abstraction. and pre-greek mathematics were not communicated in a structured or methodical way. (This rules out option B)

And Lastly, it presumed that ancient mathematics was practical and application-focused. (This rules out option D)

Thus, the only option that cannot be inferred from the text is the option A.

Full explanation

The Hundred Years' War (1337--1453) was a series of conflicts primarily fought between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England over claims to the French throne and territorial disputes.

France ultimately won the war, driving the English out of nearly all their territories in France except for Calais, which was later lost in 1558.

Full explanation

Passive verbs have a pattern verb-to-be followed by the past principle of the main verb. Only the option E has the correct pattern.

Full explanation

Given : Pass mark is a mark of higher than 5

Thus, pass mark = 6,7,8,9,10

Candidates who passed the test = 6 (1+2+2+1)

Total candidates who sat the test = 24

Percentage of the candidates passed the test = (6)/(24) × 100% = 25%

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Full explanation

Participants who will receive a prize = 12% of 1500 = (12)/(100) × 1500 = 180participants (180 pen)

The number of silver-plated pens is twice the number of gold-plated ones. Thus, silver pen : gold pen = 2 : 1

Since the total number of pen is 180, according to the given ratio, let x be the number of gold pens.

2x + x = 180

3x = 180

x = 60

Thus, number of gold pen = 60

probability that Shelly will receive a gold pen =(60)/(1500) × 100% = 4%

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Full explanation

Let x be the original price,

After a 10% discount, the price is x − 0.1x = 0.9x.

After 20% discount on the new price:

0.9x − 0.2(0.9x) = 0.9x − 0.18x = 0.72x = 72% of the original price.

Thus, after two consecutive discounts, the final price is 72% of the original price, which means a total discount of 28%.

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Full explanation

Given : Stacie builds a cube using 343 blocks. The cube is painted green

on the outside.

Question : The number of blocks that have at least one side painted green. Observations : The total blocks in the cube is 343. so, the cube is 7 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 7

(since 7³ = 343)

There are the blocks entirely inside the cube and the cubes exposed outside and get painted. Only the blocks in the other layer will be painted. If we can find the number of interior blocks, we can solve this by subtracting it from the total blocks.

To find the number of interior blocks, if we remove one layer of block from the outside, the dimensions (length, height and width) will be reduced by 2. Thus, Number of interior blocks = 5³ = 125

Total number of painted blocks = 343 - 125 = 218

Full explanation

The statement is:

"When he takes the train, Marco always arrives at work on time."

This implies:

#### If Marco takes the train, then he will arrive on time.

This is a conditional statement: Train→On Time.

1. The statement does not imply what happens if Marco does not take the train.

The reverse (converse) or negation is not necessarily true.

For instance, if Marco doesn't take the train, he could arrive late or on time---we can't deduce anything about this situation.

Analysis of the given options

#### Marco arrived late; therefore he took the train.

This suggests Late→Train, which is invalid based on the original statement.

#### Marco arrived late; therefore he did not take the train.

This aligns with the contrapositive of the statement: Train→Late.

If Marco was late, it must mean he didnʼt take the train, because taking the train guarantees being on time.

#### Marco arrived on time; therefore he missed the train.

This suggests On Time→Train, which contradicts the original statement.

If Marco is on time, it could mean he took the train, so this is invalid.

#### Marco did not take the train; therefore he arrived late.

This suggests Train→Late, which cannot be inferred from the original statement.

Not taking the train doesn't necessarily mean Marco was late.

#### Marco took his car; therefore he arrived on time.

There is no information about what happens if Marco takes his car, so we cannot deduce this.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation .unnumbered}

Cellular respiration has 4 stages which are Glycolysis, Pyruvate oxidation (formation of acetyl CoA), the citric acid cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation. The first stage occurs in the cytoplasm while the latter three stages occur in the mitochondria. Thus, this option is correct.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation .unnumbered}

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation .unnumbered}

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, where sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide are converted into glucose and oxygen.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation .unnumbered}

The methylation of polysaccharides mainly occurs in the Golgi apparatus, where sugars are modified before being transported or secreted.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation .unnumbered}

Microbodies are a category of organelle that includes peroxisomes. Thus, synthesis of vesicles and organelles like microbodies mostly originates from Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. It is not a function of mitochondria and does not exist in the mitochondria.

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-1 .unnumbered}

Hydrogen bond is an intermolecular (Secondary) bond, not a covalent bond. Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules. They are weaker than chemical bonds but crucial for determining physical properties like boiling point, melting point, andsolubility.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-1 .unnumbered}

Hydrogen bond is an intermolecular bond and It can be found between Hydrogen and other electronegative atoms which can be F, N, or O, present in another molecule as stated. Thus, this option is correct.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-1 .unnumbered}

In general, intermolecular bonds, including hydrogen bonds, are much weaker than intramolecular bonds, which are the strong covalent or ionic bonds that hold atoms together within a molecule. Hydrogen bonds occur only between polar molecules and do not form between non-polar molecules.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-1 .unnumbered}

Within the water molecule, bond between hydrogen and oxygen is a covalent bonds, not a hydrogen bond. If it said the bond is between hydrogen and oxygen between water molecules, it could be true.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-1 .unnumbered}

Hydrogen bonds form when a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, is attracted to a lone pair of electrons on another nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom in a different molecule. This requires a polar molecule with a hydrogen attached to N, O, or F and another nearby molecule with available lone pairs on these atoms.

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Full explanation

Option A is correct: the Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle (CAC), is an aerobic stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells.

Option B is false: the electron transport chain, not the Krebs cycle, occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Option C is false for eukaryotic cells: in prokaryotic cells (which lack mitochondria), the Krebs cycle occurs in the cytoplasm, but the question specifically asks about eukaryotic cells, where it takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.

Option D is false: ribosomes (including the large ribosomal subunit) are responsible for translation, where proteins are produced - not for the Krebs cycle.

Option E is false: the Krebs cycle occurs only in the mitochondrial matrix, where the needed enzymes are present and the electrons produced can directly enter the electron transport chain - not close to the plasma membrane.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-3 .unnumbered}

Tetroses are monosaccharides with four carbon atoms. They include

aldotetroses like erythrose and ketotetroses like erythrulose. Tetroses are less common but play roles in some metabolic pathways.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-3 .unnumbered}

Glucose is a hexose sugar with 6 carbon atoms, while pentoses have 5 carbon atoms. Examples of pentoses include ribose, found in RNA, and deoxyribose, found in DNA.

Option C Explanation:

Trioses are simple sugars with 3 carbon atoms, such as glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone, important in energy metabolism. Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are the intermediates in the glycolysis process.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-3 .unnumbered}

Hexoses are monosaccharides with six carbon atoms, like glucose, fructose, and galactose. They are important energy sources and building blocks in metabolism.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-3 .unnumbered}

Nonoses are monosaccharides with nine carbon atoms. An example is sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), which is important in cell signaling and found on the surfaces of animal cells.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-4 .unnumbered}

Fructose is a hexose sugar with six carbon atoms and is classified as a ketose due to its ketone group. It occurs naturally in fruits, honey, and some vegetables and is sweeter than glucose. Unlike ribose, fructose is not part of RNA structure.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-4 .unnumbered}

Glucose is a hexose monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, classified as an aldose because it has an aldehyde group. It is a primary source of energy for cells and is found in many foods. Glucose is also a building block of polysaccharides like starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-3 .unnumbered}

The monomer found in RNA is the nucleotide, which consists of ribose as the sugar unit, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Ribose is a five-carbon aldopentose sugar. Unlike RNA, DNA contains deoxyribose, a similar sugar that lacks one oxygen atom.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-4 .unnumbered}

Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol with three hydroxyl groups, making it highly water-soluble. It serves as the backbone of triglycerides and phospholipids, where fatty acids attach. Glycerol is not present in the structure of RNA molecules.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-4 .unnumbered}

Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose linked by a β-1,4-glycosidic bond. It is naturally found in milk and dairy products and is broken down in the body by the enzyme lactase into its monosaccharide components for absorption.

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-5 .unnumbered}

Carrier proteins are a kind of transport proteins that exist on the plasma membrane, and mRNA is transported by different mechanisms, not by carrier proteins.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-5 .unnumbered}

Proteins that phosphorylate enzymes in the plasma membrane are the kinase enzymes. Carrier proteins only carry materials across the membrane.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-4 .unnumbered}

Proteins that break down phospholipids in the plasma membrane is the phospholipidase enzyme. Carrier proteins only carry materials across the cell membrane.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-5 .unnumbered}

Correct. Carrier proteins are membrane proteins that transport specific molecules or ions across the cell membrane by binding to them and changing shape to move them across.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-5 .unnumbered}

Carrier proteins do not transport tRNA or any RNA molecules, which are moved by different nuclear export mechanisms.

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-6 .unnumbered}

Cells harvest the chemical energy stored in organic molecules and use it to generate ATP, the molecule that drives most cellular work. Thus, this option is correct.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-6 .unnumbered}

FAD+ is an energy carrier molecule produced during the Krebs cycle which donates the electrons to the electron transport chain, contributing to the production of ATP. FADH2 is the reduced form of FAD+.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-5 .unnumbered}

NADH is an energy carrier molecule produced during glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and other metabolic pathways. NADH is an electron carrier, not the direct energy currency.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-6 .unnumbered}

Creatine is a compound derived from amino acids. It serves as an energy storage and transfer in the tissues. However, it is not the energy currency of the cell.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-6 .unnumbered}

NADPH is an electron carrier mainly involved in anabolic (biosynthetic) reactions, such as fatty acid synthesis and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.

Reference Image

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-7 .unnumbered}

Lipolysis is the process of breaking down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids; it is not related to ATP hydrolysis.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-7 .unnumbered}

Endergonic reactions require an input of energy, but ATP hydrolysis is exergonic because it releases energy

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-6 .unnumbered}

Condensation is a reaction where two molecules join together with the release of water, while ATP hydrolysis is the opposite---it uses water to break a bond

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-7 .unnumbered}

Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons, but ATP hydrolysis does not involve electron transfer

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-7 .unnumbered}

One ATP molecule releases approximately 7.3 kcal/mol (\~30.5 kJ/mol) of energy upon hydrolysis, which can be used for cellular work or dissipated as heat, depending on the process. Thus, this option is true.

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-8 .unnumbered}

Intercellular compartmentalization involves the organization of different cell types into specialized functions that collectively support the organismʼs physiological processes. Since it involves multiple cell types to organize into specific tissues, it only occurs in multicellular organisms. Thus, this option is true.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-8 .unnumbered}

Viruses lead a type of borrowed life, relying entirely on host cells for replication, and are not considered true cells. As a result, they lack cellular structures and do not possess intercellular compartmentalization.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-7 .unnumbered}

Bacteria, which are prokaryotes, are typically unicellular organisms.

Therefore, they lack intercellular compartmentalization, as they consist of a single cell without internal membrane-bound compartments.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-8 .unnumbered}

Prokaryotes are typically unicellular organisms. Therefore, there is no intercellular compartmentalisation.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-8 .unnumbered}

Algae can be both unicellular and multicellular. However, multicellular algae usually lack true tissue differentiation. Therefore, there is no intercellular

compartmentalization.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-9 .unnumbered}

The nucleus is supported by the nuclear lamina, made of intermediate filaments, not microtubules. Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton outside the nucleus and do not form part of its structure.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-9 .unnumbered}

Centrioles are cylindrical cellular structures composed primarily of microtubules. They are typically arranged in a characteristic "9+0" pattern, where nine triplets of microtubules are arranged in a circle. Thus, this option is true.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-8 .unnumbered}

The Golgi apparatus is not composed of microtubules; it is made of stacks of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. However, microtubules help position and transport vesicles to and from the Golgi, but they are not part of its structure.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-9 .unnumbered}

The nucleolus is not composed of microtubules. It is a dense region inside the nucleus made of RNA, DNA, and proteins, where ribosome subunits are assembled. Microtubules are not part of its structure.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-9 .unnumbered}

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not composed of microtubules. It is made of a network of membrane-bound tubules and sacs. While microtubules help position and organize the ER within the cell, they are not part of the ERʼs structure itself.

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-10 .unnumbered}

"A very selective membrane" part is correct for inner membrane but the

latter part of the sentence is incorrect. On the inner membrane, there are proteins that take part in the electron transport chain.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-10 .unnumbered}

Mitochondria have two membranes: an outer membrane, which is smooth and not very selective, but the inner membrane is more selective.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-9 .unnumbered}

Mitochondria have two membranes: an outer membrane, which is smooth and encloses the organelle, and an inner membrane, which is folded into cristae to increase the surface area for energy production. Between these two membranes is the intermembrane space, which plays a role in cellular respiration.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-10 .unnumbered}

Mitochondria typically have two membranes: outer membrane and inner membrane. Each membrane is composed of phospholipid bilayer. Thus, this option is false.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-10 .unnumbered}

Mitochondria have an outer membrane, which is permeable to small molecules, and a very selective inner membrane, which controls the passage of ions and molecules and is folded into cristae to enhance energy production. Thus, this option is true.

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-11 .unnumbered}

Correct. Anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon on mRNA. During translation, the anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-11 .unnumbered}

A sequence of three nucleotides transcribed from the mRNA is a codon, not an anticodon.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-10 .unnumbered}

This option describes a DNA codon.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-11 .unnumbered}

rRNA has neither codon nor anticodon. Anticodon is on tRNA and does not directly bind amino acids (amino acids bind to the other end of tRNA).

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-11 .unnumbered}

Sequence of three mRNA nucleotides is a mRNA codon.

Full explanation

A ribosome is composed of a large and a small subunit, each containing a combination of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). DNA is not a component of ribosomes. Therefore, only option D is correct.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-12 .unnumbered}

The Cell membrane is composed of double layer of phospholipids embedded by proteins and cholesterol. Triglyceride is involved as a component of phospholipid, and cholesterol is found wedged between phospholipid molecules. Both of these molecules does not exist as a layer. Thus, this option is false.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-12 .unnumbered}

Membrane proteins are embedded in the fluid matrix of the lipid bilayer. They do not exist as a separate layer. Thus, this option is false.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-11 .unnumbered}

Correct. The cell membrane consists of a double phospholipid layer (bilayer) with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward, along with integral and peripheral proteins embedded or attached to the membrane.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-12 .unnumbered}

There is not a glycoprotein layer in the latest fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane. Glycoproteins and glycolipids can be found on the surface of the cell membrane toward the ECF. Thus, this option is false.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-12 .unnumbered}

Fatty acids and globular proteins does not exist as a separate layer. Fatty acids can be found as a component of phospholipid in the phospholipid bilayer and globular proteins are embedded in the fluid matrix of the lipid bilayer. Thus, this option is false.

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-13 .unnumbered}

This option describes the process of reverse transcription. Reverse transcription is the process where RNA is converted into DNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This occurs in some viruses, like retroviruses (e.g., HIV), allowing their RNA genome to be integrated into the hostʼs DNA.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-13 .unnumbered}

This option correctly describes the process of translation. Translation is the process of protein synthesis, where the ribosome reads mRNA codons and uses tRNA to bring matching amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain. It takes place in the cytoplasm.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-12 .unnumbered}

This option does not describe the process of translation.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-13 .unnumbered}

This option describes the process of transcription, not translation. Transcription is the process where DNA is used as a template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and is carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which builds the mRNA strand complementary to the DNA template.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-13 .unnumbered}

tRNA anticodons pair only with codons on mRNA during translation, but this alone does not fully explain the entire process of protein synthesis.

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Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-14 .unnumbered}

The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm. The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is composed of three types of molecular structures: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filament. Thus, this option is correct.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-14 .unnumbered}

Microtubule is a component of the cytoskeleton but myosin and filamin are not.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-13 .unnumbered}

Microtubule is a component of the cytoskeleton but dynein and myosin are not.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-14 .unnumbered}

All of these mentioned proteins are not principal components of the cytoskeleton.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-14 .unnumbered}

Mentioned fibres are not the principal components of the cytoskeleton.

Full explanation

An allele is a variant form of a gene found at a specific location (locus) on a chromosome. Different alleles can result in variations in inherited traits, such as eye color or blood type. Option C correctly describes the term "alleleˮ.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-15 .unnumbered}

In associated genes, the expression of one allele is associated by another allele. Thus, it is evident that an allele cannot certainly express itself in any condition.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-15 .unnumbered}

For a recessive allele to be able to express itself, it needs to be in a homozygous condition.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-14 .unnumbered}

Mutated alleles mean the allele is not in its normal state to be expressed. Thus, it cannot express itself.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-15 .unnumbered}

If a character is determined by the expression of multiple genes, it is not possible that one allele certainly expresses itself.

Option E Explanation:

According to the third concept of Mendelʼs model, it is described that, if the two alleles at a locus differ (in heterozygous condition), then one, the dominant allele, determines the organismʼs appearance; the other, the recessive allele, has no noticeable effect on the organismʼs appearance. Thus, for a allele to be certainly expressed, it needs to be a completely dominant allele.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-16 .unnumbered}

This refers to changes in how cells divide, such as errors in mitosis or meiosis, but this is not the definition of mutation itself.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-16 .unnumbered}

Changes in how the cell produces or uses energy, which might be a result of a mutation, but this is not the definition of mutation itself.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-15 .unnumbered}

Changes in enzymes during fertilisation or early development; this is not what defines a mutation.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-16 .unnumbered}

Changes in how substances are actively transported across membranes, which is not related to mutations directly.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-15 .unnumbered}

Correct. Mutations are permanent changes in the DNA sequence, altering the genetic information of a cell, which can affect proteins and traits.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-17 .unnumbered}

This option correctly describes the process of translation. Translation is the process that leads to the synthesis of polypeptide chains from mRNA, where ribosomes read the mRNA codons and tRNA brings the corresponding amino acids to build the protein.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-17 .unnumbered}

In eukaryotic cells, the translation process occurs in the cytoplasm. Thus, this option is false.

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### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-16 .unnumbered}

Translation leads to the synthesis of proteins from RNA. The process mentioned in which RNA molecules are synthesised from DNA is known as the transcription process.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-17 .unnumbered}

Transcription is a process in which mRNA is synthesised from DNA. Translation is the process that comes after transcription that leads to the synthesis of proteins from RNA. Thus, it can be seen that these two process are not similar to each other.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-16 .unnumbered}

Translation occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. This is one of the fundamental processes of gene expression in organisms.

Full explanation

According to Chargaffʼs rule of base equivalences and the Watson and Crick model, it is reasoned that Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine. Therefore, on the complementary strand, GGC AAT AAC T sequence will be found.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-18 .unnumbered}

This option describes the Transcription process, not replication.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-18 .unnumbered}

DNA replicates typically in the semiconservative model, in which the two strands of the parental DNA molecule separate, and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary DNA strand. Thus, this option is true.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-17 .unnumbered}

This option describes Mitosis or Meiosis process, not replication.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-18 .unnumbered}

This option describes the Translation process, not replication.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-17 .unnumbered}

RNA does not generally replicate itself in most biological systems.

Full explanation

### Option A Explanation: {#option-a-explanation-19 .unnumbered}

Together, the operator, the promoter, and the genes they control (the entire stretch of DNA required for expression of a specific gene) constitute an operon. Thus, it does not contain proteins.

### Option B Explanation: {#option-b-explanation-19 .unnumbered}

The group of genes involved in operon unit are dependent on each other. For example, in trp repressor, if a repressor binds to the operator, it blocks attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and thereby prevents transcription of the genes.

### Option C Explanation: {#option-c-explanation-18 .unnumbered}

It correctly describes the structure and function of operon unit.

### Option D Explanation: {#option-d-explanation-19 .unnumbered}

Operon unit is discovered as a basic mechanism for the control of gene expression in bacteria, in the transcription stage, by interfering with the transcription of DNA genes. Thus, the operon unit solely consists of DNA segments.

### Option E Explanation: {#option-e-explanation-18 .unnumbered}

This option describes the opposite of the function of Operon unit which is to adjust the production level of certain enzymes.

Full explanation

This is a question about the Daltonʼs law of partial pressure.

Daltonʼs Law, or the Law of Partial Pressures, states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

Given : the mixture contains 3 types of gases which are Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide and Oxygen. Total pressure is given. Mole values of individual gases are given.

Solution :

a. Know the equation for the Daltonʼs law of partial pressure

P_X = X_n . P_total

b. Find the mole fraction of Nitrogen

n(total) = n(N₂ ) + n(CO₂ ) + n(O₂ ) = 0.3mol + 0.5mol + 0.4mol = 1.2mol

{X_n = (n_N2)/(n_total) = (0.3 mol)/(1.2 mol ) = 0.25}

c. Find the partial pressure of Nitrogen

P_N2 = X_N2 .P_total = 0.25 ⋅ 2.4 = 0.6atm

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Full explanation

This is a question about the ideal gas law equations, specifically Gay- Lussacʼs law.

Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant.

Given : The phrase "A gas in a confined cylinderˮ means that the gas has constant volume. Temperature is -3°C. Pressure is 9 atm.

Solution :

## T₁ = −3 + 273 K = 270K, P₁ = 9atm {#t1-3-273-k-270k-p1-9atm .unnumbered}

## T₂ = 27 + 273K = 300K , P₂=? {#t2-27-273k-300k-p2 .unnumbered}

According to Gay-Lussacʼs law,

P₁ P₂

T₁ T₂

P₂ = (P₁ × T₂)/(T₁) = (9atm × 300K)/(270K) = 10atm

Full explanation

N₂O₃, SO₃, and Cl₂O are acidic oxides. They are oxides of non-metals that are placed on the top right part of the periodic table. Thus, they react with water to form acid solutions.

N₂O₃ + H₂O ⟶ 2HNO₂

SO₃ + H₂O ⟶ H₂SO₄

Cl₂O + H₂O ⟶ 2HOCl

SiO₂ is a metalloid oxide and it is not soluble in water and does not react easily with water.

BaO is a basic oxide. It is the oxide of a group II alkaline earth metal.

Thus, reaction of BaO with water gives barium hydroxide.

BaO + H₂O ⟶ Ba(OH)₂

Full explanation

This is a simple stoichiometric question that involves identifying the correct mole ratio between the reactants and products.

According to the given equation, 4 moles of FeS₂ reacts with 11 moles of O₂ to give 2 moles of Fe₂O₃ and 8 moles of SO₂.

Option A has the mole ratio of the reactants reversed.

Option C has 2 moles of FeS₂ which would require 5(1)/(2) mole of Oxygen instead of 5 moles.

Option D has 1 mole of FeS₂ which would require 2(3)/(4) mole of Oxygen and

forms 2 moles of SO₂, not 3 mole.

Option E has 2 moles of FeS₂ and enough O₂ and forms 1 mol of Fe₂O₃ and 4 mol of SO₂ instead of 6 mole.

Option B says it has 2 moles of FeS₂ and enough O₂ and forms 1 mol of Fe₂O₃. Thus, this is the only correct option.

Full explanation

This is a simple dilution question.

Let V₁ = 15ml, M₁ = 0.25M V₂ = ?, M₂ = 0.05M

## M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ {#m1v1-m2v2 .unnumbered}

V₂ = (M₁ × V₁)/(M₂) = (0.25M × 15ml)/(0.05 M) = 75ml

Water to be added = 75ml - 15ml = 60ml

Full explanation

This is a stoichiometry problem involving molarity and ion dissociation in a solution.

First step: write an equation for dissociation of Na₂SO₄

Na₂SO₄ ⟶ 2Na⁺ + SO₄²⁻

Thus, one mole of Na₂SO₄ gives 2 moles of Na+ ions.

Second step : find the mole value of the given solution.

Volume = 250ml = 0.25L , Molarity = 1.2 mole/liter

Mole(n) = V ⋅ M = 0.25L ⋅ 1.2 mol/L = 0.3mol of Na₂SO₄

Third step : find the mole value of Na+ ions.

mole of Na+ ion = 2 x 0.3mol of Na₂SO₄ = 0.6 mole

Full explanation

The given acid-base reaction cannot be categorised in Bronsted Acid and Base definitions because there is not hydrogen transfer between the reactants. It does not increase the concentration of H+ or OH- either, so, this also cannot be categorised in Arrheniusʼs definition. But we can use the Lewis theory of acids and bases, which explains acid-base reactions based on the transfer of electron pairs. According to this theory, a Lewis acid is defined as a substance that accepts an electron pair, while a Lewis base is a substance that donates an electron pair. This definition focuses on electron movement rather than protons, making it more general and applicable to a wider range of reactions.

NH₃ has lone pairs of electrons and BF₃ has available place for electrons in its p subshell. Thus, during the given reaction, NH₃ donates its lone pair to BF₃, making NH₃ the Lewis base.

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Full explanation

This is a redox question.

First step : write a redox equation for the given reaction

Zn + HNO₃ ⟶ Zn(NO₃)₂ + NO₂ + H₂O

Second step : Identify the oxidation numbers of Zn and Nitrogen

Zn; in reactant : 0, in product : +2 (Zn is oxidized)

N; in reactant : +5, in product : +5 and +4 (N is reduced)

Third step : Identify the reducing species

A reducing agent is a substance that tends to bring about reduction by being oxidized. Thus, Zn is the reducing agent.

Full explanation

2-Hexanol has the formula C₆H₁₄O₁

1,2-Dimethylcyclobutane has the formula C₆H₁₂

2,3-Dimethylpentane has the formula C₇H₁₆

Both Cyclohexane and 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene has the formula C₆H₁₂

Thus, 2,3-Dimethylpentane contains the most hydrogen atoms.

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Full explanation

Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Acetic acid, and methyl acetate have functional groups that have a carbon-oxygen double bond.

Dimethyl ether has the general formula R-O-Rʼ and does not have a carbon-oxygen double bond.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A) Dimethyl ether

Full explanation

1 atm = 101325 Pa = 1013 millibar = 760 mmHg = 760 torr

Full explanation

To find the quantity of nitrogen atoms present in 0.7g of N₂ , the given

mass must be converted to mole first. Then, using Avogadroʼs number, the

answer can be calculated.

Molar mass of N₂ = 2 x 14 g/mol = 28 g/mol

Mole of 0.7g of N₂ = (mass)/(molar mass) = (0.7g)/(28 g/mol ) = 0.025 mol

Number of molecules of N₂ = 0.025mole x 6.023 x 10²³ = 0.15 x 10²³ molecules

Since one molecule of N₂ contains 2 nitrogen atoms,

Number of nitrogen atoms = 2 x 0.15 x 10²³ = 0.3 x 10²³ = 3 x 10²²

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Full explanation

This is a typical stoichiometric question. To solve this, we need to write an equation for the given reaction. Then, we have to convert given mass of carbon and oxygen into moles. After that, using the mole ratio of the balanced equation, we can figure out the correct answer from the options.

C + O₂ ⟶ CO₂

Mole of given C = (mass)/(molar mass) = (9g)/(12 g/mol ) = 0.75 mol

Mole of given O₂ =(mass)/(molar mass) = (36g)/(32 g\backslash mol ) = 1.125 mol

(Since mole ratio from the balanced equation is 1:1, only 0.75mol of O₂ is necessary to react with 0.75 mol of C)

Mole of CO₂ produced = 0.75 mol

Molar mass of CO₂ = 12 + 2(16) = 12 + 32 = 44 g/mol

Mass of CO₂ produced = mol x molar mass = 0.75mol x 44 g/mol = 33 g Note: 0.375mol of O₂ remains, which has a mass of 12g. (0.375mol x 32g/mol). This excludes options C, D, and E.

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Full explanation

This is a mix of dilution and acid-base question.

To solve this, first, we need to convert pH value to concentration. Then, solve using the dilution equation.

pH = 10^−pH

M₁ = pH 2 = 10⁻²M, V₁ = 1ml = 0.001 L M₂ = pH 4 = 10⁻⁴M , V₂ = ?

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

V₂ = (M₁ × V₁)/(M₂) = (10^{- 2} mol/l × 0.001l)/(10^{- 4}mol\backslash l) = 0.1l = 100 ml

Water need to be added = 100ml - 1ml = 99ml

Full explanation

This is a simple acid-base question.

A Brønsted--Lowry acid is a proton/H+ donor and a Brønsted--Lowry base is a proton/H+ acceptor.

Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions (H+) and anions, while a base dissociates into hydroxide (OH--) ions and cations.

A Lewis acid is a lone pair acceptor and a Lewis base is a lone pair donor.

Thus, option A is an Arrhenius base and option E is a lewis acid.

A conjugate acid is formed when a base accepts an H+ (proton) from an acid.

A conjugate base is formed when an acid donates an H+ (proton) to a base. As mentioned, conjugate acid-base pairs only have a proton difference, option C and D are false.

In option D, it describes a strong acid. A strong acid means it can

dissociate fully in a solution and thus, its conjugate base has a tendency to

stay dissociated and serves as a weak base. Therefore, this option is true.

Full explanation

When an exponent is raised to another exponent, multiply them: (512^1/3)^1/2 = 512^(1/3)×(1/2) = 512^1/6.

Break 512 down into its prime factors: 512 = 2⁹.

Raise 2⁹ to the power 1/6: 512^1/6 = (2⁹)^1/6 = 2^9/6 = 2^3/2.

Simplify: 2^3/2 = √(2³) = 2√2.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).

Full explanation

Substitute x = 2 into the function: f(2) = log₂(2² + 12) = log₂(4 + 12) = log₂16.

Since 16 = 2⁴, log₂16 = 4, so f(2) = 4.

The reciprocal of 4 is 1/4.

Hence, the correct answer is (D).

Full explanation

There are 7 green balls out of 10 total balls, so P(green) = 7/10.

Since the ball is replaced before the second extraction, the probability stays the same for both draws: P(2 green) = (7/10) × (7/10) = 49/100.

Hence, the correct answer is (D).

Full explanation

Look at the numerator: x² is non-negative for every real x, and |4x + 3| is non-negative for every real x (it's a modulus/absolute value). So their sum, the numerator, is always non-negative (≥ 0) for every real x.

Since the numerator is always non-negative, the sign of the whole fraction is determined by the denominator alone (and the denominator must not be zero, or the fraction is undefined).

So we need 4 − 3x > 0. Solving: −3x > −4, and dividing both sides by −3 (which reverses the inequality): x < 4/3.

So the inequality holds for every real x with x < 4/3, i.e. x ∈ (−∞, 4/3).

Hence, the correct answer is (D).

Full explanation

θ is the angle between the tangent at A and the chord AB. φ = ∠ADB is the inscribed angle subtended by AB from a point D on the larger (alternate) arc.

By the Tangent-Chord (Alternate Segment) Theorem, the angle between a tangent and a chord through the point of contact equals the inscribed angle in the alternate segment of the circle.

So θ = φ — the two angles are equal.

Hence, the correct answer is (D).

Full explanation

The volume of a cylinder is V = πr²h, where r is the base radius and h is the height.

Substituting r = 5 cm, h = 7 cm: V = π(5 cm)²(7 cm) = π(25 cm²)(7 cm) = 175π cm³.

Hence, the correct answer is (B).

Full explanation

By definition, sin(α) = opposite/hypotenuse. Here the side opposite α is a, and the hypotenuse is c, so sin(α) = a/c.

Rearranging: a = c·sin(α).

Hence, the correct answer is (D).

Full explanation

This question is flawed in the original source material — the source itself states "THIS WAS AN INCORRECT QUESTION. So, none of the given options are correct," and LOCOMOTIVE is publishing that acknowledgement rather than force-fitting one of the five listed options as if it were right.

Power is the rate at which work is done: P = W/t. Work done by a force is W = F × d, so P = (F × d)/t = F × (d/t) = F × v, since speed v = d/t.

Substituting the given braking force F = 210 N: P = F × v = 210v watts.

Since the boat's speed v is never given a numerical value in the question, the power cannot be reduced to any single number — it can only be expressed as 210v W. None of the five fixed numerical options (420 W, 105 W, 1050 W, 8.4 W, 210 W) can therefore be correct for every possible v, which is exactly why the source itself withdraws this question.

Full explanation

At constant temperature, Boyle's Law applies: pressure × volume is constant, i.e. P₁V₁ = P₂V₂.

Initially P₁ = P, V₁ = V. After the volume is tripled, V₂ = 3V, so P₂ = P₁V₁/V₂ = PV/(3V) = P/3.

Hence, when the volume is tripled at constant temperature, the pressure becomes one-third of its original value.

Hence, the correct answer is (D).

Full explanation

For a resistor, the power dissipated is P = I²R, so R = P/I².

Substituting the given values: R = 2922 / (10)² = 2922/100 = 29.22 Ω.

Hence, the correct answer is (B).

Full explanation

When a charged particle like an electron enters a magnetic field perpendicularly, it feels the Lorentz force F = evB, always directed perpendicular to its velocity. This force changes the electron's direction continuously but never its speed, so the electron moves in a circle at constant speed (uniform circular motion).

Equating the magnetic force to the centripetal force: evB = mᵣv²/r, giving r = mᵣv/(eB) — this confirms option B.

The period is T = circumference/speed = 2πr/v = 2πmᵣ/(eB) — this confirms option C. Since the motion is uniform circular motion, the angular velocity is constant — this confirms option D. The frequency is f = 1/T = eB/(2πmᵣ) — this confirms option E.

Option A is the false statement: although the electron's speed stays constant, its velocity (a vector) is continuously changing direction, so the velocity is not constant.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).

Full explanation

Velocity is the time-derivative of position. For x(t) = 4cos(ωt), v(t) = dx/dt = −4ωsin(ωt).

Substituting ω = 2π and t = ½ s: v(½) = −4(2π)sin(2π × ½) = −8πsin(π) = −8π × 0 = 0 m/s (since sinπ = 0).

This makes physical sense: in simple harmonic motion the velocity is zero at the extreme positions (where cosine reaches its maximum or minimum), since the particle momentarily stops before reversing direction.

Hence, the correct answer is (E).

Full explanation

Option A is false: without friction, no dissipative forces remove energy from the pendulum, so its mechanical energy is conserved and it keeps oscillating indefinitely — it never "tends to come to a stop."

Option B is true (for small angular displacements, at least, which is the standard idealised treatment): the restoring force is proportional to displacement, giving simple harmonic motion.

Option C is true: friction (air resistance, pivot friction) damps the oscillation, decreasing its amplitude over time.

Option D is true: at each extreme of its swing, the pendulum momentarily stops before swinging back.

Option E is true: the pendulum bob traces a circular arc, determined by the length of the rod/string.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).